看雪作文450字
英語商務英語篇一：商務英語詞匯大全
retirev.退休sackv.n.解雇
salesrep（representative）銷售代表salesmann.銷售員scientistn.科學家secretaryn.秘書shopassistant售貨員shopkeepern.店主skilledworkers技術工人specialistn.專家specializeinv.專長staffrecruitment雇員招聘supervisorn.主管人temporaryjob臨時職業toapplyfor申請totakeon雇傭typistn.打字員unemploymentn.失業vacancyn.空缺（職位）wholesalern.批發商workforcen.勞動力
TYPESOFCOMPANYBUSINESS行業名稱
bankingn.銀行業constructionn.建筑業correspondencen.通信educationn.教育electronicsn.電子學entertainmentsn.娛樂financen.財經，金融healthn.保健
import/exportn.v.進/出口manufacturen.制造業pressn.報刊，新聞界printingn.印刷業producingn.生產業programmingn.編程publishingn.出版sciencen.科學
telecommunicationsn.通訊tradeunionn.工會transportingn.運輸
DIVISIONSDEPARTMENTS公司部門accountsn.會計部
administrationn.行政管理部advertisingn.廣告部assemblyline裝配線assemblyplant裝配工廠canteenn.餐廳，小賣部clinicn.門診所customeraccount帳務部distributionn.分銷部financialservices財務服務部forwardingcompany運輸公司groupn.集團headoffice總部headquartersn.總部humanresources人力資源部maintenancen.維修部managementn.管理部marketingn.營銷部packagingn.包裝部personneln.人事部productionn.生產部publicrelations公關部purchasingn.采購部qualitycontrol質量管理部researchanddevelopment調研部salesn.銷售部trainingn.培訓部wagesandsalaries工資部常用縮略語表accounts帳目aerospace太空
algebra（alg）代數學（代數）anatomy（anat）解剖學（解剖）architecture（archit）建筑學（建筑）arithmetic（arith）算術（算術）art藝術
astronomy（astron）天文學（天文）ballet芭蕾舞
biblical圣經的，圣經中的（圣經）biology（biol）生物學（生物）book-keeping傳記
botany（bot）植物學（植物）business貿易（貿易）
chemistry（chem）化學（化學）cinema電影
commerce（comm）商業（商）
computer（comp）電子計算機（計算機）cricket板球戲
ecclesiastical（eccles）教會的（教會）engineering（eng）工程學（工程）electricity（electr）電學（電）farming農業
finance（fin）財政學（財政）football足球gambling賭博
geology（geol）地質學（地質）geometry（geom）幾何學（幾何）grammar（gram）文法（文法）history（hist）歷史（史）journalism新聞學legal法律
linguistics（ling）語言學（語言）mathematics（maths）數學（數學）mechanics（mech）機械學（機械）medical（med）醫學（醫）meteorology（met）氣象學（氣象）military（mil）軍語（軍）music音樂
mythology（myth）神話nautical（naut）航海（航海）pathology（path）病理學philosophy（phil）哲學（哲）phonetics（phon）語言學（語言）photography（photo）攝影術（攝影）physics（phys）物理學（物理）physiology（physiol）生理學（生理）politics（pol）政治學（政治）psychology（psych）心理學（心理）racing賽馬，賽車
radiotelegraphy（radio）無線電報（無線電）rugger橄欖球science科學sport運動tennis網球theatre戲劇
trigonometry（trig）三角學（三角）zoology（zool）動物學（動物）centreofpopulation城市
city城capital首都metropolis大都市
centre市中心（美作:center）shoppingcentre商業區municipality市政當局municipal市的,市政的district區
residentialarea居區,住宅區urban市區的suburb近郊區outskirts郊區slums貧窟,貧區shantytown貧區village村hamlet小村
hole,dump狹小破舊的住房locality所在地Chinesequarter唐人街extension范圍,擴展house房子building樓房skyscraper摩天樓flat居住單元,套房shop,store商店
departmentstores百貨公司bazar,bazaar市場market市場,集市junkshop舊貨店newsstand報攤
CommodityExchange商品交易所StockExchange貢交易所townhall市政廳Lawcourt法院church教堂cathedral大教堂chapel小禮拜堂cemetery墓地,公墓grave,tomb墳,墓school學校university大學library圖書館
theatre劇院（美作:theater）museum博物館
zoologicalgarden動物園fairground,funfair游樂園stadium體育場generalpostoffice郵局station車站artmuseum美術館artgallery畫廊botanicalgarden植物園monument紀念碑publictelephone公共電話publiclavatory公共廁所nationalhighway國道trafficlight交通燈barracks兵營常用男女名字各20個Girls'NameBoys'Name1Ashley1Michael2Jessica2Christopher3Amanda3Matthew4Sarah4Joshua5Brittany5Andrew6Megan6Daniel7Jennifer7Justin8Nicole8David9Stephanie9Ryan10Katherine10John11Lauren11Steven12Rachel12Robert13Samantha13James14Heather14Nicholas15Elizabeth15Joseph16Danielle16Brian17Christina17Jonathan18Emily18Kyle19Danielle19Sean20Christina20William100%:onehundredpercent0.5%:pointfivepercent0.46%:pointfoursixpercent
2.05:twopointnoughtfive;twopointOfive
6.003:sixpointnoughtnoughtthree;sixpointOOthree
78.12:seventy-eightpointonetwo
119:oneonenine120:onetwooh688:sixdouble-eight5337:fivedouble-threeseven6512:sixfiveonetwo
97868:nineseveneightsixeight893493:eightninethreefourninethree737964:seventhreesevenninesixfour62374881:sixtwothreesevenfourdouble-eightone
同一個時間可以有幾種表達方法。1.1）4:00fouro'clock,four,4o'clock1.2）04:00fourinthemorning,4a.m1.3）16:00fourintheafternoon,4p.m2.1）9:00nineo'clock,nine,9o'clock2.2）09:00nineinthemorning,9a.m2.3）21:00nineintheevening,nineatnight,9p.m
3.1）12:00twelveo'clock,twelve,12o'clock3.2）12:00twelveinthemorning,12a.m,midday
3.3）00:00twelveatnight,12p.m,midnight4）12:15,00:15aquarterpasttwelve,quarterpasttwelve,twelvefifteen,aquarteraftertwelve5
）
02:25,14:25
twenty-five
past
two,twenty-fiveminutespasttwo,twotwenty-five,twenty-fiveaftertwo6
）
11:30,23:30
half
past
eleven,eleven-thirty,halfeleven,halfaftereleven
7）12:45,00:45aquartertoone,quartertoone,twelveforty-five,aquarterofone8）07:50,19:50tentoeight,tenminutestoeight,seven-fifty,tenofeight下面的例句都是表示時間：Whattimeisit,Gordon?幾點了，戈登？Justafterfive.剛過5點。What'sthetimenow?現在是什么時刻？It'squarterpast.一刻了。
Canyoutellmethetime?你能告訴我幾點了嗎？It'stwenty-fivepasttwelve.12點25分。Haveyougotthetime?你知道現在是什么時間嗎？Itisnearlyoneo'clock.快一點了。
WhattimedoestheboatleavefromNewYork?
船什么時間離開紐約？
Ataquarterpastthreeintheafternoon.下午3點15分。Thetimeissixforty-five.現在是6點45分。Mywatchsayssixthirty.我的表是6點30分。
It'sfivetoeightandbreakfast'sateighto'clock.
現在差5分8點B，早餐八點鐘開。Thetimewas10:35hoursGreenwichMeanTime.
現在是格林威治平時10點35分。I'llbebackatquarterpastone.我1點15分回來。
Byeleveno'clockBrianwasbackinhisoffice.
布賴恩11點回到了辦公室。
Attwoo'clockinthemorningcaslonwasstillawake.
到凌晨2點卡斯隆還沒睡著。
Youshouldbetherenolaterthanninethirty.你必須在9點半前到那兒。Officehoursarefrom9a.mto6p.m辦公時間為早9點到下午6點。同一日期的表達方法
7月10日July10,July10th,10July或10thJuly
TuesdayMaythethirteenth5月13日星期二MondaythefifthofApril4月15日星期一Whatdateisit?今天是幾號？
It'sthe30thtoday.今天是30號。
TheymarriedonDecember9,1913.他們于1913年12月9日結婚。LabourwasdefeatedintheGeneralElectionon19June1970.
工黨在1970年6月19日大選中敗北。ThecasewasheardintheHighCourtinFebruary1970.
這個案件于1970年2月由高等法院審理。WherewereyouonthenightsofFebruary4thand7th?
2月4日和7日晚上你都在什么地方？TheylivedtoghtherfromDecemberofthatyearuntilJuneof1980.
他們從那年12月到1980年6月一直住在一起。
Thepaterhehandsmehasa1975date.他簽發給我文件寫的是1975年的日期。在英式英語中，日期在前月份在后，即順序為日月年，但在美式英語中，則月份在前日期在后，即順序為月日年。這一點必須注意，否則會發生錯誤。例如我們寫10-7-86或10/7/86，在英式英語中是July10th1986,而在美式英語中，則為October7th1986.我們使用的計算機上的時間就是美式英語。
英美說法不同的還有，例如：這事發生在星期四。在英式英語中IthppenedonThursday.而在美式英語中為IthappenedThursday.
關于多少多少年代。
八十年代eighties指的是1980-1989，可寫為1980's，另外1980-1985可寫為earlyeighties,1985-1989可寫為lateeighties.例如：
inStockholminthethirties三十年代在斯德哥爾摩
Iwentonacomputertrainingcourseinthenineteeneighties.
我在八十年代進過計算機培訓班。表達星期幾的例句
everyTuesdayforthenextfewmonths下幾個月的每星期二
I'mterriblebusyonSaturdays.我在星期六特別忙。
OnMondaynights,thepupilsgotothecinema.
星期一的晚上，學生們去看電影。I'veneverworkedonaSundayinmywholelife.
我從未在星期日工作過。1840eighteenforty1900nineteenhundred1992nineteenninety-twotravellingcircus巡回馬戲團circuswagon（馬戲團的）大篷車bigtop大帳篷,馬戲篷tent帳篷ring,arena場地tier看臺
masterofceremonies,M.C.節目主持人,司儀
parade,cavalcade列隊行進show節目circusact馬戲節目
trickrider,equestrianacrobat馬戲演員equitation,riding馬術equestrian,rider馬術演員fakir,
magician,
illusionist,
conjurer,
conjuror魔術師
mountebank,tumbler變戲法者ventriloquist腹語術者contortionist柔術演員acrobat雜技演員
balancer表演平衡技巧的人trapezeartist蕩秋千演員walker,ropewalker走繩索者funambulist走鋼絲者juggler耍把戲者swordswallower吞劍者fireeater吞火者snakecharmer耍蛇者
flier,flyer空中飛人（美作:aerialist）clown小丑giant巨人midget,dwarf侏儒horsetrainer馴馬師
wildanimaltrainer馴獸師liontamer馴獅者wildanimal野獸cage籠子whip鞭子
performinganimal馴服的動物tights,leotard緊身衣tumble翻筋斗
doublesomersault翻雙筋斗humanpyramid疊羅漢balance平衡技巧rings圈springboard跳板trampoline繃床trapeze秋千safetynet安全網tightrope繩索wire-walking走鋼絲balancingpole平衡桿fair市場
amusementpark游樂園
merry-go-round,roundabout回轉木馬（美作:carrousel）
switchback,scenicrailway,bigdipper過山車（美作:rollercoaster）ghosttrain魔鬼列車
bigwheel,Ferriswheel弗累斯大轉,大觀覽車
dodgems,bumpercars碰碰車slide,helter-skelter突降滑道stall,booth攤位fortuneteller算命者
riflerange,shootinggallery氣槍打靶wheeloffortune抓鬮轉tombola摸彩
PunchandJudyshow,puppetshow木偶戲表演
greasypole爬竿取物dance舞
classicaldancing古典舞ballet芭蕾舞
corpsdeballet芭蕾舞團balletdancer芭蕾舞演員tutu,balletskirt芭蕾舞短裙
balletshoe芭蕾舞鞋
choreography芭蕾舞舞蹈設計steps舞步
ballroomdance舞廳舞ballroom,dancehall舞廳danceorchestra伴舞樂隊dancingpartner舞伴folkdance間舞festival節目iceskating滑冰figureskating花樣滑冰iceskates冰刀鞋,滑冰鞋rollerskating滑旱冰rollerskates式旱冰鞋discotheque迪斯科舞廳records錄音jukebox自動點唱機party聚會
maskedball,fancydressball化裝舞會,假面舞會facemask面罩
halfmask,smallmask半截面罩costume服裝carnival狂歡節
carnivalparade狂歡節隊伍float彩車paperlantern紙燈paperstreamer紙帶,彩紙帶confetti五彩紙屑
fireworkdisplay,fireworks焰火jumpingjack,jumpingcracker跳爆竹banger響炮rocket起花cabaret余興節目
商務詞匯大全（三）
varietyshow,vaudeville雜耍musichall雜耍戲院nightclub夜總會
floorshow夜總會的歌舞表演comedian喜劇演員singer歌手
chorusgirls歌舞團女演員pub酒店
jazzclub爵士樂俱樂部club俱樂部park公園
flowergardens花園playground運動場zoo動物園
excursion,outing旅行,遠足adayinthecountry郊區一日游picnic野炊pleasuretrip漫游togoforawalk散步swing秋千balloon氣球
sandpit沙坑（美作:sandbox）bucketandspade桶和小鏟sandcastle沙塔
miniaturegolf小小高爾夫球rowingboat小劃子,游艇paddleboat腳踏明游艇sailingboat帆船
one-armedbandit,fruitmachinecasino吃角子老虎,賭博機hotel旅館guesthouse賓館mainentrance大門entrancehall門廳
staircase,stairs,stairway樓梯balustrade,banister樓梯欄桿corridor過道verandah外廊lobby走廊lift,elevator電梯informationdesk問訊處receptionoffice接待室hotelregister旅客登記簿
registrationform登記表newsstand售報處postalservice郵局服務處shop小賣部bar酒吧間lounge休息廳roofgarden屋頂花園billiard-room,球房dining-room,dininghall餐廳men'sroom男盥洗室ladies'room女盥洗室cloak-room存衣處basement地下室cellar地窖broomcloset雜物室roomnumber房間號碼roomkey房間鑰匙suite一套房間singleroom單人房間doubleroom雙人房間
sitting-room,living-room起居室sofa,settee長沙發easychair安樂椅armchair扶手椅wickerchair藤椅foldingchair疊椅swivelchair轉椅rockingchair搖椅stool凳子bench條凳teatable茶幾desk書桌bookcase書櫥bookshelf書架wardrobe衣柜
built-inwardrobe,closet壁櫥chestofdrawers五斗櫥screen屏風hatrack帽架rug小地毯carpet大地毯singlebed單人床doublebed雙人床twinbeds成對床
mattress褥子quilt被blanket毯子sheet床單bedspread床罩
cottonterryblanket毛巾被pillow枕頭pillowcase枕套mat席cushion墊子bathroom浴室bathtub浴盆
showerbath,shower淋浴
coldandhotwatertaps冷熱自來水龍頭sprinkle-nozzle,（shower）nozzle噴頭dressingtable梳妝臺mirror鏡子washbasin洗臉盆towel毛巾
toilet,lavatory,washroom衛生間watercloset,W.C.廁所；抽水馬桶toiletroll,toiletpaper衛生紙bathtowel浴巾bathrobe浴衣
towelrail,towelrack毛巾架sponge海綿
waste-paperbasket廢紙簍thermometer溫度計balcony陽臺
sashwindow上下開關窗shutters百葉窗
transom,transomwindow氣窗curtain窗簾lacecurtain挑花窗簾windowsill窗臺
air-conditioned有空調設備的radiator暖氣片centralheating暖氣ashtray煙灰碟smokingset煙具electricfan電扇
chandelier,pendantlamp吊燈fluorescentlamp日光燈desklamp臺燈
bedsidelamp床頭燈floorlamp落地燈walllamp壁燈lampshade燈罩bulbholder燈頭bulb燈泡
screw-typebulb羅口燈泡bayonet-typebulb卡口燈泡frostedbulb磨砂燈泡
opalbulb,opaquebulb乳白燈泡switch開關socket插座plug插頭telephone電話electriciron電熨斗peg,hook衣鉤clothes-hanger衣架door-mat門前的擦鞋棕墊manager經理attendant服務員deskclerk值班服務員waiter（餐廳）服務員waitress（餐廳）女服務員rent租金bill賬單receipt收據postoffice郵局
sub-postoffice郵政支局（美作:branchpostoffice）window窗口
post-officebox郵政信箱
posterestante留局待取（美作:GeneralDelivery）
cashondeliver貨到付款pigeonholes信函分揀臺格架sortingtable分揀臺mailsorter信件分類裝置sortingoffice信件分揀室letterbox信箱（美作:mailbox）letter-scales信件磅mailbag郵袋
postman郵遞員（美作:mailman）airmail,airmail航空郵件（by）airmail航空郵寄
parcel郵包
diplomaticpouch,diplomaticbag外交郵袋expressdeliveryletter,specialdeliveryletter快遞信件
registeredletter掛號信coveringletter附信toregister掛號topostaletter寄信delivery遞送
todealwiththemail發信collection收信correspondence通信exchangeofletters書信往來acknowledgementofreceipt回執byreturnofpost立即回信writingpaper信紙envelope信封addressee收信人
consignee（包裹）收件人payee（匯單）收款人sender發信人address地址postaldistrict郵區local本埠
letterhead印在專用印箋上頭的單位名稱.地址等heading臺頭date日期
datestamp（加蓋的）日期郵戳postscript附筆,又及（P.S）pleaseforward請轉發postcard明信片circular（letter）通知printedmatter印刷品
moneyorder,postalorder匯票,匯單telegraphicmoneyorder電匯匯單stamp郵票postmark郵戳franking,stamping郵資postagepaid郵資已付
exemptionfrompostalcharges郵資總付extrapostage附加郵資
telegraph,telegraphy,telegram,wire電報telegraphoffice電報局
Morsecode摩爾斯電碼dot點dash線
wirelesstelegraphy無線電報telegraphicaddress電報掛號receiver收報人telegraphkey發報電鍵
teleprinter,teletype,teletypewriter電傳打字機
totelegraph,towire打電報tosendatelegram發電報
tocable,tosendacable發海底電報toradiotelegraph,towireless打無線電報radiotelegraphy,wireless無線電報codedtelegram,telegramincode密碼電報telex用戶電報
cable,cablegram海底電報
telegrapher,telegraphoperator,telegraphist電報員
wirelessoperator無線電報員replypaid復電費已付
satellitecommunications衛星通信telephoneexchange電話局telephone,phone電話,電話機manualtelephone人工電話automatictelephone自動電話interphone內部電話,對講機combinedset手機receiver,earpiece聽筒hook聽筒掛叉dial號碼盤hammer槌switch開關,斷路器plug銷
counter,meter計數器circuit電路frequency音頻
connection,connexion連接disconnection,discon-nexion斷開selector選擇器switchboard交換臺telephonenetwork電話網extension分機line電話線
cable電纜
telephoneoperator,operator話務員token代金牌,代幣
telephonebox,telephonekiosk電話亭（美作:telephonebooth）
telephonesubscriber電話用戶telephonecall,ring打電話
long-distancecall,trunkcall長途電話localcall市內電話
reverse-chargecall受話人付款的電話（美作:collecttelephonecall）telephonedtelegram電話電報directoryinquiries地址簿
telephonedirectory,telephonebook電話號簿
todialanumber撥號
areacode,codenumber地區代碼ring電話鈴響diallingtone撥號音engagedtone占線音it'sengaged占線
totelephone,tocall（up）,toringup通話,給……打電話
toliftthetelephone,topickupthetelephone接電話hello喂
yor'rethrough請講話speaking我是
couldyouputmethroughto……我想找……
whoisspeaking?您是哪位?（問打電話者或問接電話者）
Mr.Perezspeaking我是佩雷斯
whoiscalling?您是哪位?（接電話者問打電話者）
pleaseholdon請別掛上tohangup掛上電話centreofpopulation城市city城capital首都metropolis大都市
centre市中心（美作:center）shoppingcentre商業區municipality市政當局
municipal市的,市政的district區
residentialarea居區,住宅區urban市區的suburb近郊區outskirts郊區slums貧窟,貧區shantytown貧區village村hamlet小村
hole,dump狹小破舊的住房locality所在地Chinesequarter唐人街extension范圍,擴展house房子building樓房skyscraper摩天樓flat居住單元,套房shop,store商店
departmentstores百貨公司bazar,bazaar市場market市場,集市junkshop舊貨店newsstand報攤
CommodityExchange商品交易所StockExchange貢交易所townhall市政廳Lawcourt法院church教堂cathedral大教堂chapel小禮拜堂cemetery墓地,公墓grave,tomb墳,墓school學校university大學library圖書館
theatre劇院（美作:theater）museum博物館zoologicalgarden動物園fairground,funfair游樂園stadium體育場generalpostoffice郵局station車站artmuseum美術館
英語商務英語篇二：各種商務英語集錦
Unit8TheStockMarket
Acompanycanraisemoneyonthestockmarket（股票市場）orstockexchange（證券交易所）(amarketplaceforbuyingandsellingshares)intwodifferentways.
Itcanissueshares（發行股票）(USstocks),orunitsofitscapital,toinstitutionalinvestorsorthegeneralpublic.Differenttypesofsharesorequities（普通股，優先股）areavailable,butthemostcommonareknownasordinaryorcommonshares（普通股）(UScommonstock).Whenaninvestorbuysashare,usingtheservicesofaspecialistcompanyorbroker（經紀人）,heorshebecomesashareholder（股東）(USstockholder)andownsapartof(orhasastake（股份）in)acompany.Shareholderscanmakemoneybyreceivingdividends（股息，紅利）,paidasaproportionofacompany?sannualprofits,andwhenthevalueoftheirsharesincreases.
Acompanycanalsoborrowmoneyfrominvestorsbyissuingbonds（債券）,loansforfixedperiodswithfixedinterestrates.
Securities（有價證券）referstobothsharesandbonds.Eachyearbillionsofsharesandbondsaresoldortradedontheworld?smajorstockexchanges.
Unit9Import/Export
Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweendifferentcountries.Dependingonwhatacountryproducesandneeds,itcanexport(sendgoodstoanothercountry)andimport(bringingoodsfromanothercountry).
Governmentcancontrolinternationaltrade.Themostcommonmeasuresaretariffs（關稅）(orduties)andquotas（配額）.Atariffisataxonimportedgoods,andaquotaisthemaximumquantityofaproductallowedintoacountryduringacertainperiodoftime.Thesemeasuresareprotectionist（貿易保護論者）astheyraisethepriceofimportedgoodsto“protect”domesticallyproducedgoods.
InternationalorganizationssuchasWTO(WorldTradeOrganization)andEFTA(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)regulatetariffsandreducetraderestrictionsbetweenmembercountries.
Theinvoice
Inthecontextofinternationaltrade,theinvoiceprovidesinformationaboutgoodsexchangedbetweentheexporterandtheimporter.Itispreparedbytheexporterandincludesadescriptionofthegoods,theirpriceandthequantitysupplied.Itcanactasproofofpurchase,informingthe
1
Dateofissue簽發日期
Ex-workprice出口方交貨價格
Freight運費
Exportpacking出口包裝
Insurancefromwarehousetowarehouse倉對倉保險
c.i.f.=cost,insuranceandfrightc.i.f.London倫敦到岸價
totalamountpayable應付款總數
Marks&Nos.嘜頭
cardboardcartons硬紙板箱
ImportlicenseNo.進口許可證編號
Perpro經代理人
Thebilloflading（B/L）提貨單
Thebillofladingisatransferdocument.Theexporterwritestheimporter?snameonthebilloflading,andinthiswaytheimporterbecomesthelegalownerofthegoods.
Tobeusedwithcharterparty適用于租船合同
Codename:“congenbill”,edition1994
Shipper:TRANSFER&CO.
Consignee:ASIANGOODSIMPORTINGEMPORIOM
Notifyaddress:UNIT18WALTERSTOWN
INDUSTRIALESTATE,DOVER
Vessel:StaroftheEast
Portofloading:Bangkok
Portofdischarge:Dover
Shipper?sdescriptionofgoods
FreightpayableasperCHARTER-PARTYdated10/11/99
Freightadvanced
ReceivedonamountoffreightPaid
Timeusedforloading1/2day
“ShippedattheportofLoadinginapparentgoodorderandconditiononboardtheVesselforcarriagetothePortofDischargeorsoneartheretoasshemaysagelygetthegoodsspecified2
above.Wight,measure,quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalueunknown.
InwitnesswhereoftheMasterorAgentofthesaidVesselhassignedthenumberofBillsofLadingindicatedbelowallofthistenoranddate,anyoneofwhichbeingaccomplishedtheothersshallbevoid.
FORCONDITIONSOFCARRIAGESEEOVERLEAF”
Unit10CompanyPerformance
Companiesneedtoknowhowtheyareperforminginordertoanalyseproblems,findsolutionsandmakeplansforthefuture.Managementaccounts（經營賬目）providedataaboutoperationalefficiencyandfinancialaccounts（財務報表）giveinformationaboutfinancialperformance.Thesetellthecompanynotonlyhowmuchitisselling,orhowmuchrevenue（收入）itisreceiving,butalsowhatitscostsare—howmuchithastopayfordifferentthingsthatitneedsinordertooperate.Withthisinformationacompanycanthencalculateormuchmoneyithasmade(profits)orhowmuchithaslose(losses)duringaspecificperiod.Listedcompanies（上市公司）,whosesharesaresoldonthestockexchange,havetopresenttheiraccountstothepublicinanannualreport.
Whatisanannualreport?Anannualreportispreparedbythemanagementofacompanywhosestockistra
dedpublicly.Itdiscussesthecompany?sfinancialaffairs.Anannualreportperformsausefulfunctioninafreemarketsystem,transmittinginformationformthecompanytoitsshareholders,otherpeoplewhohaveastakeinthebusiness—stakeholderssuchasemployees,suppliers,customers,andlenders—willfinditinformative.
TextAnatomyofanannualreport
Wordsandexpressions:
Statementofearnings:profitandlossaccount損益表
Statementofcashflows:cashflowstatement現金流量表
Statementoffinancialposition:balancesheet資產負債表
Keytovocabulary2
1.revenue2.cost/expense3.currency
4.deposits5.cashequivalent6.assets
7.liabilities8.grossprofit9.netearnings/income
Unit11SettingupaBusiness
ManylargebusinessesintheUKarepubliclimitedcompanies(plc)（上市有限責任公司）,whichmeansthatthepubliccanbuyandselltheirsharesonthestockexchange.ExamplesincludeMarks&Spencer,BritishTelecomandtheNationalWestminsterBank.Theminimumsharecapitalforapubliclimitedcompanyis￡50,000,somanynewbusinessesarelikelytotakeoneofthefollowingforms.
SoleTraderorSoleProprietor(UK)個人獨資
Thesimplestwayofstartingabusiness.Youareself-employedandentirelyresponsibleforallaspectsofthemanagementofyourbusiness.
Partnership(UK)合伙企業
Towormorepeoplestartingabusinesstogethercansetupapartnership.Allpartnersare3
responsibleforthedebtsofthepartnership,andprofitsandlossesareshared.
PrivetLimitedCompany(UK)私人有限責任公司
Acompanycanbeformedwithaminimumoftwopeoplebecomingitsshareholders.Theymustappointadirectorandacompanysecretary（公司秘書）.Ifthecompanygoesoutofbusiness,theresponsibilityofeachshareholderislimitedtoetheamountthattheyhavecontributed;theyhavelimitedliability（有限責任）.SuchacompanyhasLtd(Limited)afteritsname.
IntheUS,businessestakethesamebasicforms.However,Americancompaniesareregisteredorincorporatedwiththeauthoritiesinthestatewheretheyhavetheirheadquarters.TheabbreviationsIncandCorprefertosuchcompanies.TosellsharestothepublictheymustapplytotheSecuritiesExchangeCommission.
4
Businessplan
Settingupasuccessfulbusinessrequirescarefulpreparationandplanningbutalsoinvolvesadegreeofrisk-taking.Thereareanumberofquestionsthatallentrepreneursmustaskthemselvesconcerningtheproductsorservicesthattheyintendtosell,thecompetitionthattheywillface,thestructureofthebusinessitselfandthesourcesoffinancethattheywillneedtoopentheirnewventure.Thismeansthatalloftheseparametersmustbedefinedinabusinessplan:adocumentthatshowshowtheentrepreneurwillorganizehisorherbusiness,howmuchheorsheexpectstosellandtherethecapitalwillcomefrom.Oncethisinformationhasbeenputdownonpaper,theentrepreneurcanthenchooseanappropriateformforthecompany,registeritwiththeauthoritiesandopenforbusiness.
Businessplanchecklist
1.detailsofthebusiness
Nameofbusiness;typeofbusiness(limitedcompany,partnershipetc.)
2.personaldetails
Relevantworkexperience
3.personnel
Numberofpeople/jobfunction
4.product/service
Description
5.market
Describeyourmarket
Whoareyourcustomers?Isyourmarketgrowing,staticorindecline?
Whoarethemaincompetitors?
Whataretheadvantagesofyourproductorserviceoverthecompetition?
6.marketing
Whatsortofmarketingoradvertisingdoyouintendtodo?
7.premises/machinery/vehicles
Wheredoyouintendtolocatethebusinessandwhy?
Whatsortandsizeofpremiseswillyouneed?
Whatmachinery/vehiclesdoyourequire?
8.objectives
Whatobjectivesdoyouhaveforthebusiness?
5
英語商務英語篇三：商務英語專業詞匯
商務英語專業詞匯
企業標識corporateidentity
企業形象corporateimage
公司規劃corporateplanning
企業部門corporatesector
企業福利corporatewelfare
公司注冊許可證corporationcharter
成本會計師costaccountant
注重節省成本的cost-conscious
成本效益cost-effective
質量成本costofquality
銷售成本costofsales
成本核算costing
咨詢公司consultancy
耐用消費品consumerdurables
家用電子產品consumerelectronics
日用消費品consumergoods
消費趨勢consumertrends
雇用合同contractofemployment
合同期限contractperiod
合同義務contractobligations
核心經營項目coreactivity
核心福利項目corebenefits
核心產品coreproduct
核心技術coretechnology
公司官僚主義corpocracy
商務區businessarea
公司賒賬卡corporatechargecard
公司文化corporateculture
公司宴請corporateentertaining
競爭優勢competitionadvantage
優惠價格competitivelyprice
競爭對手competitor
投訴complaint
工作周workweeks
會議設備conferencefacility
會議技術conferencing
跨行業公司conglomeration
商品批發商commoditytrade
乘車上下班者commuter
公司法companylaw
公司概況companyprofile
公司秘書companysecretary
企業內部商店companystore
行政機關civilservice
索賠部經理claimsmanager
業務會議businessmeeting
商業運作模式businessoperation
業務透支businessoverdraft
商業伙伴businesspartner
經營規劃businessplan
商業頭腦businesssense
出差gotoabusinesstrip
副產品by-product
品牌形象brandimage
領導產品brandleader
品牌忠誠brandloyalty
創品牌brand-making
收支平衡breakeven
收支平衡點breakevenpoint
公文包briefcase
情況通報會briefing
小冊子brochure
代理人broker
預算價商品budgetpricedgoods
董事會議boardmeeting
債券bond
獎金bonus
消費積分bonuspoints
分公司branchoffice
拓展業務branchout
基本工資basepay
成批的產品batch
受益人beneficiary
福利津貼benefitpremium
生意興旺blockbuster
初級商務英語（BEC）會議議程方面的英語短句篇
hall大會
rostrum講臺
publicgallery旁聽席
noticeboard布告牌
toconvene,toconvoke召開
convocation會議
standingorders,by-laws議事程序
rulesofprocedure議事規則
constitution,statutes章程
procedure程序
agenda議程
timetable,schedule日程表,時刻表
itemontheagenda議程項目
otherbusiness其他事項
toplaceontheagenda列入議程
workingpaper工作文件
opening開幕
thesittingisopen會議開幕
appointment任命
toappoint任命,委派
speaker報告人
tomakeaspeech,todeliveraspeech做報告toaskforthefloor要求發言
togivethefloorto同意...發言(美作:torecognize)totakethefloor,toaddressthemeeting發言declaration,statement聲明
AmIinorder?我這樣做符合議程規定嗎?calltoorder要求遵守秩序
toraiseapointoforder提出關于議程的問題generaldebate長時間的討論
receivability可以接受,可接納
stand立場,主張
consensus意見
advisoryopinion顧問意見
proposal建議
totableaproposal提出建議
clarification澄清
comment評論
tosecond,tosupport贊成
toadopt通過
tooppose反對
toraiseanobjection提出異議
tomoveanamendment提出修正案toamend修正
secondreading(法案、議案的)二讀substantivemotion實質性的動議decision決定
ruling裁決
toreject拒絕,駁回
resolution決議
draftresolution決議草案,提案
firstdraft,preliminarydraft草案初稿whereases正式文件的開場白,前言motivations表明動機
operativepart生效部分
report報告
factualreport事實報告
minutes,record記錄
summaryrecord摘要紀錄
verbatimrecord逐字紀錄
memorandum備忘錄
topostpone,toadjourn,toputoff推遲,延期closure閉幕式
closingspeech閉幕詞
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