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職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習（精選5套）
無論是在學習還是在工作中，我們總免不了要接觸或使用練習題，只有多做題，學習成績才能提上來。學習就是一個反復反復再反復的過程，多做題。什么類型的習題才能有效幫助到我們呢？以下是小編收集整理的職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習 1
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1.At midnight,we were aroused by a knock at the door.
A.irritated B.awakened C.arisen D.annoyed
2.She was awarded a prize for the film.
A.given B.rewarded C.sent D.reminded
3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here.
A.forbidden B.allowed C.permitted D.promoted
4.That guy is intelligeng but a bit dull.
A.strange B.special C.quiet D.boring
5.She is a highly successful teacher.
A.fairly B.rather C.very D.moderately
6.We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth.
A.reduce B.promote C.realize D.give
7.There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor.
A.conflict B.tension C.gulf D.confrontation
8.I am very grateful to you for your assistance.
A.helpful B.hopeful C.pitiful D.thankful
9.You will be meeting her presently.
A.shortly B.currently C.lately D.probably
10.Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years.
A.displayed B.shown C.changed D.demonstrated
11.I have been trying to guit smoking.
A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up
12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried
13.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.
A.question B.problem C.title D.topic
14.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic
15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.
A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16~22題，每題1分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don’t get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That’s eleven days and nights without sleep.
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry (模糊). By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating(發生幻覺). For example, when he saw a feet sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagines he was a famous football player. After the next few days, Gardner’s speech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldn’t understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.
Then Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second day he slept twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.
Though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep gerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment. Tests on Gardner have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without-started losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than weight. Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don’t know for sure. Some sleep in order to replenish(補充)brain cells. Other scientists think body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know enough sleep.
16. Randy Gardner studied the effects of over over-sleeping.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
17. During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
18. During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
19.It took four days for Gardner to recover from the experiment.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
20. Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
21. Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
22. People sleep less than they used to.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2，3，5，6段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Exercising Your Memory
1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go.
2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).
3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never 10se it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. Its not until the early teens (十幾歲) that most people develop a mature long-term memory.
4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生銹) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.
5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active m reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking —— and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout (鍛煉) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.
6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (記憶力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost ——whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.
7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall, in fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.
23 Paragraph 3 .
24 Paragraph 4 _________.
25 Paragraph 5 _________.
26 Paragraph 6 _________.
A Importance of staying intellectually active
B Effects of aging on a persons recall ability
C Short-term memory versus long-term memory
D Retention as the second necessity for memory
E Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills
F Significance of exercising your muscles
27 Retention refers to _________.
28 The rate of forgetting is the same _________.
29 Remembering something all your life _________.
30 Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _________.
A for younger and older people
B to the proper function of your memory
C is called long-term memory
D the capacity to store what you have learned
E belongs to very long-term memory
F the ability to remain mentally healthy
第四部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is What will we get as a society? I suspect it wont be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then wed better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."
練習:
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?
A. Spending more time with his family.
B. Having more education.
C. Realizing more dreams.
D. Working longer.
2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?
A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.
B More and more people in the US today want to get married.
C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.
D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.
3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT
A Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.
B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.
C The job market would be more competitive.
D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.
4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that
A.it places more emphasis on educating the young.
B.it is both wise and energetic.
C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.
D.it welcomes changes.
5. Which of the following best describes Callahan s attitude to anti-ageing technology ?
A.Optimistic.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Reserved.
D.Negative.
Evidence of Ancient Hunters
Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.
The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(馴鹿)and wolves.
The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸). The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.
The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.
The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人) or modern humans. Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.
The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.
Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.
1.Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about
A.30 thousand years ago
B.20 thousand years ago
C.28 thousand years ago
D.15 thousand years ago
2.The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that
A.it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area
B.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society
C.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans
D.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population
3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings
A.A long elephant tusk.
B.Ancient stone tools.
C.123 bones from animals.
D.mammoth tusk covered with small cuts
4.How old is the tusk? About years old
A.25 thousand
B.28 thousand
C.36 thousand
D.40 thousand
5.What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment
A.the ability to do the unexpected
B.a high level of social development
C.thick clothes
D.small animals to feed on
Happiness
A proverb allegedly (據說) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.
A research of a US university that Ive read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks ones life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.
Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.
Happiness is a game balancing between two ends -- what one has and what one wishes for, i.e. ones dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.
1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness because
A.it is a profitable business.
B.it can improve a gardeners ability to remake nature.
C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.
D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy
2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when they
A.are at leisure.
B.take the job of gardening.
C.are after their goals.
D.own great properties.
3.Why does the writer mention "a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers" (Lines 5 --6, Para. 3)?
A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.
B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.
C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.
D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain
4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?
A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.
B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.
C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.
D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.
5.What is happiness?
A.A transitory state of mind.
B.Getting everything what one desires.
C.An all-working and no-leisure life.
D.A desire based on our actual situation.
第五部分：補全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的`短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據文章的內容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the worlds major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipate a d, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
練習:
A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning
B any other disagreement over which payment is withheld
C however, is competition
D so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market
E Before rates were permitted to float
F After serious consideration
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據短文的內容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again.
For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates 5 miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted.
There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.
In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry.
He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects.
1. A. off B. on C. at D. of
2. A. is B. was C. were D. are
3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should
4. A. after B. for C. in D. at
5. A. the B. / C. a D. an
6. A. With B. If C. But D. And
7. A. helping B. being C. get D. be
8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when
9. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem
10. A. about B. to C. by D. on
11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach
12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give
13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped
14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put
15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialist
詞匯選項
答案:
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C
6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C
11.A 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.B
閱讀判斷
參考答案：BBAAB AC
概括大意
參考答案：CEAD DAEB
閱讀理解
(1) 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C
(2)DBDCB
(3)DCDBD
補全短文
CBDAE
完形填空
參考答案：ADDCC BBCAC DBADC
職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習 2
Friendly Relations with the People Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness （歸屬） that you must have to feel secure. But， in fact， the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound （一定的） to be a lonely wolf.
2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people
around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point， however， is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don‘t know them. When the game is over， you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling
of companionship， of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue （線索） to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy， understanding， trust， and affection. Companions become friends when ihese ties are formed.
5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances （熟人）， you may not know with whom you will make friends， but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
1. Paragraph 2 。
2. Paragraph 3 。
3. Paragraph 4 。
4. Paragraph 5 。
A Making friends with new acquaintances
B Close link between companionship and belongingness
C How to satisfy other people’s needs
DAn example of a satisfying relationship
E Difficulties in establishing friendships
F What companionship really is
5. If you had no one to share your feelings， your life would be______________.
6. The warm feeling of belongingness may give you______________.
7. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you______________.
8. You will find it hard to make friends with people______________.
A without pity
B sad and lonely
C emotionally healthy
D without real love for them /
E a sense of security
F a lonely wolf
答案
1. B 2. D 3. F 4. A 5. B 6. E 7. C 8. D
職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習 3
Radio and Television
There are few homes in Britain today that do not have either a radio or television set. Both of them have become an essential part of our life, keeping us informed of the news of the day, instructing us in many field of interest, and entertaining us with singing, dancing and acting.
Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us the radio, probably didn’t realize what effects his great invention would have on the world in the years to come. Radio has, perhaps, had as much influence on the world as any other communications device. Events of universal interest can be reported to the entire globe a few seconds after they happen. Explorers in remote areas, ships at sea, even astronauts circling the earth are able to keep in touch with civilization by means of radio.
Television is another major instrument of communication, permitting us to see as well as to hear the performer. Since its appearance, TV has had a tremendous effect on the daily life of people everywhere.
Improvements of all kinds are constantly being made in television so that reception will be as close to perfect as possible. Perhaps the most recent advancement of significance has been "Telstar". The specially-equipped space capsule, orbiting the globe, make it possible for the entire world to be closer than ever before. Now a family in Manchester can watch on TV a football match in France , a ski tournament in Norway, or a parade in Japan as these events are actually happening.
1. Paragraph 1____________.
2. Paragraph 2____________.
3. Paragraph 4____________.
A) The popularity radio and TV in Britain
B) The invention of the radio
C) The latest development of TV
D) The importance of the radio
4. In today’s world radio and TV have become ___________.
5. People make constant efforts to improve ___________.
6. A telstar is a satellite that _____________.
7. With the help of the telsar, events can be reported to listeners and viewers and almost _____.
A) at the same time as they occur
B) a basic necessity of life
C) sends out signals all the time
D) travels around the globe
E) the reception of their TV sets
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
5. E 6. D 7. A
職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習 4
Screen Test
1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.
7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”
練習：
1.Paragraph 2 ________________
2.Paragraph 3 ________________
3.Paragraph 4 ________________
4.Paragraph 5 ________________
A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B Investigating the Effect of Screening
C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E Treatment of Cancers
F Factors That Trigger Cancers
5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________________.
6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are________________.
7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may________________.
8.Radiation exposure should be ________________.
A be costly
B harmful
C save a life
D still open to debate
E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F reduced to the minimum
答案與題解：
1.A A說的是:用X射線檢查可能對年輕女人不好。下面是第二段講的意思:但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫學上的好處而論,是有爭議的,部分原因是輻射有誘發癌癥的小小的危險。另外,年輕女人乳房組織緊密,給予的X射線的劑量要多一些。
2.B B說的是:調查用X射線檢查的結果。第三段的第一句話是這么說的:Valencia理工大學的研究人員分析了11個社區診所用X射線檢查16萬以上女人的結果。
3.C C說的是:兩種不同的模型預測的.結果。第四段講的是,兩種不同的數學模型在預測用X射線檢査女人誘發癌癥的結果是不一樣的。C概括了這段話。
4.D D說的是:輻射誘發癌癥的危險是很小的。第五段的第一句話是這么說的:The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.研究人員爭辯說,與發現后接受治療的癌癥數字相比,由輻射誘發癌癥的數字是很小的。
5.C C與題干生成:Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌發現得早也許能挽救生命。答案可以從第一段中找到。
6.D D 與題干生成:Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.對50歲以下的女人用X射線檢查的好處仍然是有爭議的。第二段的第一個句子是這么說的:But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial... 但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫學上的好處而論,是有爭議的……這兩個句子用詞有些差別,基本意思是相同的。
7.E E與題干生成:Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of– radiation triggering a cancer.延緩用X射線檢查的年齡也許能減少輻射誘發癌癥的危險。答案在第六段。
8.F F與題干生成:Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.應把接受福射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最后一句。
職稱英語考試衛生類套題模擬練習 5
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged mall become an old man? Officially,of course.it’t when we reach retirement age.But，as we all know, this is a fairly blunt(生硬的)method of decision making.As life expectancy(預期壽命)increases，retirement planning needs to be changed.This is because being an old mail today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.
2 Sixty—five is the new middle-aged man.These days people are talking about the young—old，that is ages 70-75.and those over 75 as the old-old.The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with fiends and family, The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety，financial problems，loneliness，etc.but that’t really about all we know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact，most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.
23 Paragraph 1_____
24 Paragraph 2_____
25 Paragraph 3_____
26 Paragraph 4_____
A New Definitions of the Old Man
B Changing Concept of the Old Man
C Health of the old Man
D Happy Old Man And Sad Old Man
E Limited Knowledge of the OId Mall’s Experiences
F Contempt for the Old Man
27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_____
28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_____
29 More research should be done on the experiences of_____
30 Most old men consider themselves to be_____
A in good health
B in the past
C in the wrong
D the old man
E a middle-aged man
F a young man
答 案:
23 B 文章第一段主要講的是，隨著預期壽命的增加，“老年男人”的.概念與以往相比已經發生了很大的變化。
24 A 文章第二段主要講是對“老年男人”的概念重新進行了界定。
25 E 文章第三段主要講的是，盡管男人的壽命較之過去延長了，而且我們也知曉老年男人會面臨焦慮、孤獨以及經濟等問題，但相對而言，我們對老年男人的體驗還是知之甚少的。
26 C 文章第四段主要講老年男人的健康問題。
27 B 從文章的頭兩段可以得知，現在男人通常比過去更長壽。
28 E 文章第二段的頭一句講到，現如今男人65歲仍被視為中年人。
29 D 文章第三段講人們對老年男人的體驗仍知之甚少，因此可以說這方面的研究還有待加強。
30 A 文章第四段中的第二句說，盡管大多數男人至少患有一種慢性病，但多數仍舊認為自己的健康狀況良好。
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