專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題（精選8套）

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專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題（精選8套）

　　無論是在學習還是在工作中，我們需要用到練習題的情況非常的多，通過這些形形色色的習題，使得我們得以有機會認識事物的方方面面，認識概括化圖式多樣化的具體變式，從而使我們對原理和規律的認識更加的深入。那么你知道什么樣的習題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？以下是小編收集整理的專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題（精選8套），僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題（精選8套）

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 1

　　This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!

　　On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.

　　Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!

　　The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!

　　1. What does the first sentence imply?

　　[A] It is not really an enlightened age. [B] It is different from an enlightened age.

　　[C] It is the same as an enlightened age. [D] It is like an enlightened age.

　　2. Why do men carry on the sex war against women?

　　[A] Because of their inferiority. [B] Because they shun real competition.

　　[C] Because of their claim to supremacy. [D] Because they still look down upon women.

　　3. The “fiction” is closest in meaning to

　　[A] Novel. [B] Man-made idea. [C] False idea. [D] Story.

　　4. What is the main argument men have raised against women?

　　[A] Women are lack of cold reasoning. [B] They depend on intuition too much.

　　[C] They are unreliable and irrational. [C] They are too still look down upon women.

　　答案詳解：

　　1. A. 這確實不是一個啟蒙時代。(1)這是第一句話語氣和言詞傳遞出來的內容。“這個時代應該是一個啟蒙時期，可是假如你聽到男人怎么說女人的，你就不會這么認為。”(2)正篇文章也傳遞了這個信息。

　　B. 不同于啟蒙時期。 C. 這時代跟啟蒙時代一樣。 D. 這時代象個啟蒙時期。這三項都不對。

　　2. C. 他們對至高無上權威的追求。答案在最后一段“事實是由于男人們基本的自卑情緒，他們追求至高無上的權威。他們躲避真正的競爭。他們心里明白婦女比他們優秀，因此他們害怕在他們自己的‘游戲’中失利。”

　　A. 因為他們自卑。 B. 因為他們躲避真正的競爭。 D. 因為他們仍然輕視婦女。

　　3. C. 錯誤觀點。Fiction本意為“虛構”，此處上下文決定此義：“可是男人們繼續堅持這種錯誤的觀點：有許多工作婦女干不了，兩國高級政治談判，商業和銀行幾乎全部為男人們所控制，他們忌妒地保衛著他們所謂的權利。”

　　A. 小說。 D. 故事。這是fiction兩種基本含義，這里不對。 B. 人為思想。文中沒有這種意義。

　　4. C. 他們不可信，不理智。答案見第三段“他們把婦女排除這些領域之外，所提出的論點是(眾所周知)老調重彈。他們說婦女不可信，不理智。在做決定時，太依賴于直覺和本能。冷靜得推理太少。”

　　A. 他們缺少冷靜的推理。 B. 他們太依賴于直覺，這兩項只是本段中用以解釋“不可信，不理智的。” D. 他們太認真。這是在第二段總提到的內容“我們都知道婦女引起的交通事故比男人少得多，她們非常認真負責不會像發瘋似的開車。”　　詞匯：

　　1. conscientious 認真的，真心實意的

　　2. maniac 瘋狂的，瘋子

　　3. preposterous 反常的，荒謬的

　　4. quibble 狡辯，摸棱兩可

　　難句譯注：

　　1. the inferiority complex 自卑情緒，指一種由自悲感引起的復雜心理狀態，對應詞是the superiority complex 自高情緒

　　2. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly! 這是對男人想清楚能力的諷刺，譯文應根據上下文而定。上文說到“婦女甚至難以想得清楚。可是當婦女證明她們有此能力時，男人拒不承認。”

　　[參考譯文] 男人想清楚的能力可真大啊。

　　3. But this is a minor quibble.

　　[參考譯文] 這是一個小小的`狡辯。

　　4. They have often put men to shame.

　　[參考譯文] 她們經常使男人無地自容。

　　寫作方法與文章大意：

　　文章論及“男人輕視婦女”的問題。采用對比因果的手法寫作。先提出婦女經過艱苦卓絕的斗爭，贏得了獨立的勝利，得到了承認，可是斗爭遠沒結束。因為男子繼續在進行性別斗爭。下面就從男女雙方對比，也可以說，男方輕視婦女及其理由，女方據理反駁。最后作者指出男人輕視婦女的根本原因是他們的自卑情緒。

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 2

　　Shark attack!

　　Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.” I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

　　In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark’s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

　　Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans, Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

　　The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when accacking seals, great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.” They spit us out because we’re too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

　　Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information, Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

　　練習：

　　1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark C .

　　A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers

　　C) swam away D) attacked him

　　2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites A .

　　A) often let humans escape B) kill humans

　　C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more

　　3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? B

　　A) create B) are C) increase D) depend upon

　　4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means B .

　　A) people’s B) great whites’ C) sea lions’ D) seals’

　　5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph? C

　　A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

　　B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet

　　C) We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.

　　D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

　　譯文“

　　克雷格羅杰斯正坐在他的沖浪板上估算著下一波浪離他還有多遠，就在這時沖浪板不動了。他低頭向水下看，驚悚的一幕出現了：一條大白鯊正在撕咬沖浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已經碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格談道。原來，這條鯊魚悄悄地浮上了水面，完全沒讓克雷格聽到。

　　克雷格驚慌害怕，手足無措，但是偶然之間他被鯊魚咬掉了兩支手指，然后隨著滑板翻了個個兒，他也掉進水里。就在那時，處于水中的克雷格兩支手指鮮血直流，但這條五米長的鯊魚卻徑直游開，消失在深海之中。

　　雖然鯊魚常被認為是瘋狂殺人的獵手，但事實上這是不準確的。鯊魚很少獵殺人類。比起被鯊魚殺死，人類更有可能被閃電擊中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上個世紀，有報道的只有74人命喪鯊魚之口。然而大白鯊可以長封6米長、2200公斤重或是更重。3000顆牙齒排成數排長在鯊魚那可怕的血盆大口中，它們可以輕易殺死并吃掉無助的落水者。但為什么大多數人受到大白鯊攻擊之后都能鯊口逃生呢?鯊魚研究者們正在努力尋找使得人類鯊口脫險的原因。

　　最常用的解釋是說大白鯊的視力不好。人們認為大白鯊會把人類錯當成是海豹或是海獅，后兩者是鯊魚的'主要食物來源。但是人類又找到了理由來質疑這一論斷。最近的研究信息表明大白鯊視力不錯。并且當大白鯊在攻擊海豹時，它們會迅速竄上海面，用力撕咬。但當大白鯊在攻擊人類時，它們在大多數情況下會慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也輕得多。它們很快就會發現人類的肉不夠肥。“它們把我們吐出來是因為我們太瘦了”，艾丹馬丁說道，他是鯊魚研究暗礁搜索中心的領頭人。

　　諸如馬丁這樣的鯊魚研究者們提出了這樣一種假設：大白鯊實際上是一種好奇心很重的動物，它們喜歡探索新鮮事物。有可能它們撕咬物體不僅僅是為了獵殺和吃掉，也是為了搜集信息。雖然這種經歷對于像克雷格·羅杰斯這些人來說很不幸，但是當鯊魚在撕咬沖浪板，或是別的物體，甚至是人類時，很可能它們只是在盡量了解那到底是個什么東西。

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 3

　　Look at the statements below and the advice to businesses on the opposite page about using other companies to run their IT services.

　　1、the need to teach skills to employees working on the outsourced process

　　2、remembering the initial reason for setting up the outsourced project

　　3、the need to draw up agreements that set out how integration is to be achieved

　　4、addressing the issue of staff who work on the outsourced process being at a distant site

　　5、the importance of making someone responsible for the integration process

　　6、staff on the outsourced project familiarising themselves with various details of the business

　　7、problems being associated with an alternative to outsourcing

　　When a business decides to outsource its IT services, it needs to consider the question of integration. Four experts give their views.

　　A.Gianluca Tramcere, Silica Systems

　　An outsourced IT service is never a fully independent entity. It is tied to the home companys previous and continuing systems of working. But despite the added responsibility of managing new ways of working, many businesses ignore the integration process. They fail to establish contracts that define the ways in which the two companies will work alongside one another, and focus solely on the technological aspects of service delivery.

　　B.Kevin Rayner, Domola

　　Businesses need to build integration competency centres dedicated to managing the integration effort. It is critical to have an individual in charge to check that the external and internal business operations work together. Although companies often think of outsourcing as a way of getting rid of people and assets, they need to remember that, at the same time, outsourcing involves gaining people. Because there is a new operation being carried out in a different way outside of the home business, this creates a training element.

　　C.Clayton Locke, Digital Solutions

　　Communication is the key to success, and outsourcing to other regions or countries can lead to a range of problems. For any such initiative, it is necessary to create a team where there is good, open communication and a clear understanding of objectives and incentives. Bringing people to the home location from the outsourced centre is necessary, since it can aid understanding of the complexities of the existing system. To integrate efficiently, outsourcing personnel have to talk to the home companys executives and users to understand their experiences.

　　D.Kim Noon, J G Tech

　　One way to avoid the difficulties of integration is to create a joint-venture company with the outsourcer. Thus, a company can swap its assets for a share of the profits. Yet joint ventures bring potential troubles, and companies should be careful not to lose sight of the original rationale for outsourcing: to gain cost efficiencies and quality of service in an area that for some reason could not be carried out entirely in-house. The complexities and costs of a joint-venture initiative should not be underestimated.

　　這篇文章講的是外購(outsourcing),分別有四位專家就這個問題給出了自己的看法。A段的專家強調建立合同的重要性，B段專家認為要派專人負責，C段專家講外派人員和本公司之間要有一個互動，D段專家講如果與外包商(outsourcer)組成聯合企業的話可能帶來的一系列問題。如果對文章有個大概、基本的了解，很多題目不用細看就可以得出結論。

　　第一題的答案稍微有些隱晦，在B段的最后一句。“Because there is a new operation being carried out in a different way outside of the home business, this creates a training element.”因為新的操作是在本公司以外的地方以一種新的方式被執行，所以產生了培訓成分。這里的training對應第一題的“teach skills to employees”。

　　第二題的答案在D段中間: companies should be careful not to lose sight of the original rationale for outsourcing.這里的rationale是基本原理、根本原因的意思。

　　第三題的答案在A段，非常明顯的“establish contracts”。

　　第四段的答案是C段的最后一句話，outsourcing personnel have to talk to the home companys executives and users to understand their experiences.這里的talk to對應address，向....談話。第四題的意思是“說明在遠址工作的外購人員的事情”，也就是C段最后一句說的外購人員向公司匯報他們的`經歷。

　　第五段的答案在B段，相當明顯：It is critical to have an individual in charge to check that the external and internal business operations work together。需要派專人負責integration。

　　第六題說“外派人員要熟悉自身工作的不同細節”，對應C段的“create a team where there is a clear understanding of objectives and incentives.”打造一個對目標和動機都有清晰理解的團隊。

　　第七題稍微繞一點。題目里的“an alternative to outsourcing”指的是D段里的“create a joint-venture company with the outsourcer”，建立一個聯合企業。D段里的專家一直在強調聯合企業的麻煩和復雜性(joint ventures bring potential troubles)，所以是正確答案。

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 4

　　The Only Way Is Up

　　Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings，pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

　　When people gather together in cities，they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made，that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.

　　The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work，or home.

　　Elisha Otis，a US inventor，was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator，as he preferred to call it.However，most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake，which stops the lift falling ifthe cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention1.In fact，he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds，giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

　　A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts2.

　　“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space3 we carry around with us-and you just can’t choose to move away，”says workplace psychologist，Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions，he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the comers.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.

　　Don’t worry about them.They fire probably from a university.

　　練習：

　　1. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

　　A) are worried about their past.

　　B) have a glorious past to be proud of.

　　C) want to maintain their traditional image.

　　D) are very interested in their own history.

　　2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

　　A) the shortage of money.

　　B) the lack ora device to carry people upward.

　　C) backward technology.

　　D) mountains taking up land space.

　　3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift，

　　A) he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.

　　B) the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

　　C) it was accepted favorably by the public.

　　D) most people had doubt about its safety.

　　4. Which of the tbllowing best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

　　A) Fascinating.

　　B) Uninteresting.

　　C) Frightening.

　　D) Exciting.

　　5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

　　A) here humans behave the way animals do.

　　B) people in a lift are all scared.

　　C) here some people take notes.

　　D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C be concemed with是“關心、關注”的意思，顧可排除B和D兩個選項，根據前面一句話，these cities是指那些不允許建筑物超出一定高度的'城市，即不愿意改變固有形象的城市。

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 5

　　Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.

　　After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.

　　In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?

　　The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.

　　1. The Cherokee Nation used to live

　　A) on the American continent.

　　B) In the southeastern part of the US.

　　C) Beyond the Mississippi River.

　　D) In the western territory.

　　2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of

　　A) writing down the spoken language.

　　B) Making word pictures.

　　C) Teaching his people reading.

　　D) Printing their own newspaper.

　　3. A law was passed in 1830 to

　　A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.

　　B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.

　　C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.

　　D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.

　　4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.

　　A) they went in carts.

　　B) They went on horseback.

　　C) They marched on foot.

　　D) All of the above.

　　5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because

　　A) they were not willing to go there.

　　B) The government did not provide transportation

　　C) They did not have enough food and clothes.

　　D) The journey was long and boring.

　　KEY: BACDC

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 6

　　The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

　　Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

　　Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

　　One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

　　Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.

　　1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

　　[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.

　　[B] Identify a problem.

　　[C] Bring together disparate facts.

　　[D] Stipulate clear goals.

　　2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

　　[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

　　[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

　　[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

　　[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

　　3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

　　[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.

　　[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

　　[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

　　[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.

　　4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?

　　[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

　　[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

　　[C] Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

　　[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

　　[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.

　　[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

　　[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

　　[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.

　　答案與考點解析

　　1. 「答案」D

　　「考點解析」這是一道歸納推導題。本題題干中的senior managers暗示本題的答案信息在第三段,因為第三段首句包含題干中的senior managers。通過仔細閱讀和理解本段中所談到的五點,我們可推導出本題的正確選項是選項D.本題選項A、B、C所涉及的內容分別在本段的第五點、第一點和第三點提到。考生在解題時一定要學會認真歸納和總結原文所表達的每一層含義。

　　2. 「答案」D

　　「考點解析」這是一道句間關系題。題干已將本題的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本題答案信息的最主要來源,通過閱讀和理解此句,我們可推導出本題的正確選項是D.考生在解題時一定要適當理解上下句之間的關系。

　　3. 「答案」C

　　「考點解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本題的答案信息在第四段,因為第四段首句含有和題干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通過仔細閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話,我們可發現第四段的第一句話都在強調act(行動),可見本題的正確選項應該是強調行動的選項C.本題的答案信息來源是第四段的第二句話。考生在解題時一定要首先準確地審題定位,然后要善于歸納和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

　　4. 「答案」D

　　「考點解析」本題是一道審題定位題。題干中并沒有明確指出本題答案信息在原文的準確位置。在這種情況下,考生往往迷失解題思路。在考生迷失解題思路時一定要牢記全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能夠抓住第一段的尾句,并結合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是D.考生在解題時,尤其是在迷失解題思路時,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同時還要抓一些明確表示啟承轉合關系的句子結構。

　　5. 「答案」B

　　「考點解析」本題是一道段落結構題。第一句話中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本題的關鍵。抓住這兩個關鍵就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是B.考生在解題時一定要注意表示否定的詞語以及表示啟承轉合的詞語,更要注意句子之間的相互關系。

　　[參考譯文] 大部分成功的高層管理人員并不拘泥于傳統的推理模式,即：首先確定目標,然后估定問題,擺出各種可能性,估計成功率,再做決定,最后才付諸行動去實施。相反,在這些人的日常決策過程中,他們靠一種定義模糊的直覺應付大量相關問題,這些問題使他們必須在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特無比或者令人驚異的事物中做抉擇,而且在考慮過程中就要有相應的行動。

　　管理學作品的寫作者早就注意到了實踐當中一些管理者對直覺依賴很強。不過總的來說,這些寫作者未曾表達出什么叫做直覺。有些人將其視作理性的對立面,還有人認為它是反復無常的(做法、性格)的一個借口。

　　Isenberg最近對高層管理人員認知過程的研究揭示了管理者的直覺并不是上述的任何一種情況。高層管理者是在五個不同的方面使用直覺。首先,他們直覺地感到有問題存在。第二,依靠直覺,管理者們能很快表現出有教養的行為方式。這種直覺并不是任意,非理性的`,而是在多年實踐磨練,和親身體驗培養出的技能的基礎上形成。第三,直覺把一些零散的數據和實際情況組合為一個完整畫面,這經常表現為一聲Aha式的體驗。第四,有些管理者也應用直覺來檢驗更理性化分析的結果。大部分高層管理人員熟知傳統的決策分析模式和工具,那些使用這些正式的系統化方法做出決定的人經常會對一種情況保持警惕,那就是有時此方法得出的結論和他們對正確行為的感覺不符。最后,管理者可通過直覺繞開深奧的分析而快速產生一個可能的解決辦法。這么使用時,直覺幾乎是一個瞬間的思維過程,這一模式為管理者所熟悉。

　　這些管理者用直覺方式的一個特點是思考和行動不能分開。由于(在這種方式中)管理者在分析和解釋問題之前就已經明白應該怎么去做,他們經常是先行動,后解釋。在思考?D行動的循環中,分析是必不可少的。在這其中管理者們不是靠分析他們面對的形勢來思考其公司、組織的情況,而是行動和分析在高度一致地進行。

　　由于管理者們經常面對許多不確定的情況,他們鼓勵采取各種行動來對問題作一番深入了解。他們藉此對問題做出更深的體會。這種思考行為循環的一個特點即：行動是確定問題的一部分,而不只是解決問題的步驟。

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 7

　　Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

　　Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

　　Those conclusions are important because recent，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 on the study.

　　Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

　　The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women，reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

　　“Most of US like the taste of salt.However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.”said Hayes.“Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely，consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor，and at least for these foods，more is better，so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

　　However，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted.“For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt，”he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronouncedo6.”

　　Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

　　“Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others.called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter，”he said.“Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological difterences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)

　　詞匯：

　　publicize v.引起公眾對…的注意;(用廣告)宣傳 ferment v.(使)發酵

　　geneticist n.遺傳學家

　　dietary adj.飲食的;規定食物的 acuity n.敏銳;尖銳

　　注釋：

　　1.Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences賓州州立大學農學院。Penn是Pennsylvania的縮寫，是美國賓夕法尼亞州州名。賓州州立大學建于1855年，在全國共有24個分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences用作定語，修飾food scientist。

　　2.well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food：大力宣傳減少食物含鹽量的做法

　　3.1eft many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others：使得許多人努力去接受適合其他人而不適合他們口味的`食物。fare相當于food。

　　4.1ead investigator：研發項目負責人

　　5.…carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips，on multiple occasion，spread out over weeks：……經過仔細篩選的實驗參與者，他們在幾周內的不同時間里品嘗了湯和薯條等含鹽食物。

　　6.too pronounced：此處pronounced為形容詞，意為very noticeable，conspicuous(明顯的，顯著的)。

　　7.supertasting：超重味感

　　專八英語考試閱讀理解練習題 8

　　People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.

　　About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture?writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures

　　still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.

　　By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.

　　These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.

　　1. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ?___ ___

　　A. the hunters wanted to see the pictures

　　B. the painters were animal lovers

　　C. the painters wanted to show imagination

　　D. the pictures were thought to be helpful

　　2. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ?___ ___

　　A. the former was easy to write

　　B. there were fewer signs in the former

　　C. the former was easy to pronounce

　　D. each sign stood for only one sound

　　3. Which of the following statements is TRUE

　　A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.