初中英語常見錯誤之H系列

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初中英語常見錯誤之H系列

　　錯題本是中考英語的高分秘籍。他能讓我們總結錯誤思路，得到正確答案，大大提高我們的分數。以下是YJBYS的小編為大家整理的初中英語常見錯誤之H系列。希望對大家的學習能有所幫助!

初中英語常見錯誤之H系列

　　had better

　　[誤] You have better hurry.

　　[正] You had better hurry.

　　[析] had better只用過去時had，不要誤用成現在時have。

　　[誤] You hadn't better worry.

　　[正] You had better not worry.

　　[析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式，其否定式是"had better not+動詞原形"。

　　half

　　[誤] I had driven about half mile.

　　[正] I had driven about half a mile.

　　[析] "半小時"有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一個半小時"應講an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"應講half a day，"半鎊"應講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year，而應用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.

　　[誤] Half us could go to the park.

　　[正] Half of us could go to the park.

　　[析] half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構，但用于代詞前則必須加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.

　　[誤] One and half apples are left on the table.

　　[正] One and half apples is left on the table.

　　[析] 一個半one and half后面的名詞要用復數，而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數。

　　[誤] Half of the work are done.

　　[正] Half of the work is done.

　　[誤] Half of the six apples is red.

　　[正] Half of the six apples are red.

　　[析] "half of+名詞"這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致，如為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數，要用單數謂語動詞;而復數名詞后面要加與復數相對應的謂語動詞。

　　hand

　　[誤] He shook hand with his teacher.

　　[正] He shook hands with his teacher.

　　[析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數形式，如：change hands (轉手、易手)，in the hands of (由……控制)，join hands (與人合作)。

　　happen

　　[誤] What was happened to you last month

　　[正] What happened to you last month

　　[誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.

　　[正] An accident happened in this street last night.

　　[析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態，作為"發生"講的happen，take place和break out都不具有被動態。happen to常用來表達一件偶然發生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.

　　hard

　　[誤] I have to study hardly.

　　[正] I have to study hard.

　　[析] hard是形容詞，如：a hard work，但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式，但詞意截然不同，意為"幾乎不"。

　　[誤] I had my leg broken last term， so I couldn't hardly study at all.

　　[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.

　　[析] hardly意為"否定"，所以不要再加否定詞語了，如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　have

　　[誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.

　　[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.

　　[析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。

　　[誤] I have my bike to repair.

　　[正] I have my bike repaired.

　　[析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作，請看下面兩句意義的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)

　　[誤] Could you give me some money if you have.

　　[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.

　　[析] "如果你有的話"一句譯為英文應加上any一詞，如：I want some books if there is any.

　　headache

　　[誤] I've got headache.

　　[正] I've got a headache.

　　[析] Headache是一個規則的可數名詞，所以可以講：My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache，"肚子痛"stomacheache等卻都可以用作不可數名詞，如：I've got toothache. 但也可用作可數名詞。

　　hear

　　[誤] He was heard sing in the next room.

　　[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.

　　[析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現上述問題。如，主動態：I heard her singing in the next room. 變為被動態時為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

　　hear listen to

　　hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強調其結果;而listen to則強調有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

　　但詞組hear about (of)則為"聽說過"之意，如：I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為"收到某人信件"之意：I often hear from my girl friend.

　　help

　　[誤] Please help my homework.

　　[正] Please help me do my homework.

　　[正] Please help me with my homework.

　　[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為"幫某人作某事"，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母親一起作飯。"而He help me to do my homework. 則是"他指導我做作業"。但在現代英語中這個區別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區別。

　　[誤] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.

　　[正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.

　　[析] can't help doing something是"身不由己，情不自禁做某事"。

　　[誤] Help yourself with some cakes.

　　[正] Help yourself to some cakes.

　　[析] 中文中講"你自己拿蛋糕吃"，英文中要用help somebody to something.

　　here

　　[誤] Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語如是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!

　　high

　　[誤] He is very high.

　　[正] He is very tall.

　　[析] 英語中的兩個"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。

　　hit

　　[誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.

　　[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.

　　[析] hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。

　　home

　　[誤] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.

　　[正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.

　　[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外，還有像"在家里一樣"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)

　　home house family

　　home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.

　　homgwork

　　[誤] I have so many homework to do today.

　　[正] I have so much homework go do today.

　　[析] homework為不可數名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為"著作"、"作品"、"工廠"講時為可數名詞)，fun，health information等。

　　hope

　　[誤] I hope you to be a good student.

　　[正] I hope you will be a good student.

　　[析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.

　　[誤] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

　　[正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.

　　[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如"我認為你錯了"。應譯為：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中"我不這樣認為"應譯為I don't think so.或I hope not.

　　[誤] I hope your help.

　　[正] I hope for your help.

　　[析] hope for為"期望某事發生"，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達期望某事情發生要用"hope for+名詞"這一結構。

　　[誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.

　　[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.

　　[析] 對某事存有希望應用"hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語"這一結構。

　　hospital

　　[誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

　　[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

　　[析] in hospital為"住院就醫"。而in (at) the hospital 為"在醫院(工作)"。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如："上學"為go to school，at school為"在校就讀"，go to bed為"上床睡覺"。

　　how

　　[誤] I want to know how to do.

　　[正] I want to know how to do it.

　　[析] how 是關聯副詞，要注意與關聯代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

　　[誤] How do you think about it

　　[正] What do you think about it

　　[析] 英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用What do you think about…這一句式。

　　hurry

　　[誤] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.

　　[正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.

　　[誤] Don't worry. There is little time left.

　　[正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.

　　[析] 請注意英語中的慣用法："快點吧，沒時間了"，或"別著急還有一點時間。"

　　[誤] The car is hurrying through the street.

　　[正] The car is rushing throught the street.

　　[析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。

　　hundred

　　[誤] There are two hundreds people here.

　　[正] There are two hundred people here.

　　[誤] There are hundred of people here.

　　[正] There are hundreds of people here.

　　[析] hundred一詞前如有數字時不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數百的，這一詞組一定要加s.

　　hurt

　　[誤] I don't want to wound her feelings.

　　[正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.

　　[析] wound是指戰場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍"傷害"、"打傷"(動詞)。

　　拓展：中考英語作文常見錯誤

　　1、審題不清

　　如某一年的中考作文要求寫一項最喜歡的課外活動，有些考生將作文的主題定位為"我最喜歡的活動"，偏離了"一項、課外活動"這一主題。依據作文的評分原則，若文章內容不切題，則不管語言如何規范、用詞如何準確，都會被判為零分。

　　2、拼寫錯誤

　　拼寫是考生應該具備的最起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經常能發現很多拼寫錯誤。有拼寫錯誤的作文肯定會被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼寫錯誤存在的作文不僅體現出語言基本功差，同時也直接影響內容的表達，通常會降低作文的檔次。

　　3、名詞單復數問題

　　誤：My father and my mother is all teacher.

　　正：My father and my mother are both teachers.

　　4、缺少動詞

　　在漢語中沒有動詞的句子是允許的，但英語中每個完整的句子都必須有動詞來構成，如："我累了。"這個句子沒有動詞作謂語，而用形容詞，但英語形容詞不能作謂語，一定要寫成：I'm tired.

　　誤：I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.

　　正：I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.

　　誤：The apples cheap、I'll take some.

　　正：The apples are cheap、I'll take some.

　　5、缺少介詞、冠詞等

　　還有一些考生因為沒有熟練掌握介詞或者冠詞的用法，不了解中英文語言習慣的不同，也會出現明顯的錯誤，造成丟分現象。

　　誤：Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.

　　正：Because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.

　　6、代詞的誤用

　　英語中代詞的形式很多，包括主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞等。而漢語中沒有主格和賓格、形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。此外漢語中很多時候不用物主代詞，而英語中物主代詞是不可省略的，代詞的誤用是考生最容易發生的錯誤之一。

　　誤：I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.

　　正：My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.

　　7、句子不完整

　　有的考生因為對句子結構認識模糊，所以出現只寫半句的現象，這也是造成失分的原因之一。

　　誤：Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college、For example, my friend in high school.

　　(這段文章的第二句話沒有動詞，不能獨立構成一個句子。這是一個非常常見的錯誤，修改的方法是將兩個句子連接起來。)

　　正：Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.

　　8、前后不一致

　　所謂不一致，包括數的不一致、時態不一致及代詞不一致、主謂不一致等.

　　誤：When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.

　　（one是單數第三人稱，因而本句的have應改為has ;同理，want應改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。

　　正：When one has knowledge , he can do what he wants to do.

　　9、時態、人稱和數的搭配錯誤

　　漢語動詞無時態、人稱和數的變化，而對英語來說，這些都至關重要。

　　誤：When I get to the station the train leave.

　　正：When I got to the station the train had left.

　　10、綜合性錯誤

　　綜合性錯誤是指單詞的大小寫和標點符號的錯誤等，以及形容詞和副詞的混淆、連詞的誤用等等。

　　這些都是靠考生平時知識的積累，所以考生應該從平時練習出發，每天堅持寫英語日記，多讀適合自己英語水平的原版著作，提高自己的英語素養。

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