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  1. C語言

    C語言基礎常識

    時間:2025-04-27 03:36:12 C語言 我要投稿
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    C語言基礎常識

      相對初級的算法,適合剛開始學C語言的同學。下面這些C語言基礎常識都是經過測試和驗證過了的,歡迎各位使用。

      1、C語言打印一條語句

      源代碼:

      /* C Program to print a sentence. */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main()

      {

      printf("C Programming"); /* printf() prints the content inside quotation */

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      C Programming

      2、C語言打印用戶輸入的一個整數

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main()

      {

      int num;

      printf("Enter a integer: ");

      scanf("%d",&num);  /* Storing a integer entered by user in variable num */

      printf("You entered: %d",num);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter a integer: 25

      You entered: 25

      3、C語言實現兩個整數相加

      /*C programming source code to add and display the sum of two integers entered by user */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main( )

      {

      int num1, num2, sum;

      printf("Enter two integers: ");

      scanf("%d %d",&num1,&num2); /* Stores the two integer entered by user in variable num1 and num2 */

      sum=num1+num2;      /* Performs addition and stores it in variable sum */

      printf("Sum: %d",sum);  /* Displays sum */

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter two integers: 12

      11

      Sum: 23

      4、C語言實現兩個小數相乘

      /*C program to multiply and display the product of two floating point numbers entered by user. */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main( )

      {

      float num1, num2, product;

      printf("Enter two numbers: ");

      scanf("%f %f",&num1,&num2);        /* Stores the two floating point numbers entered by user in variable num1 and num2 respectively */

      product = num1*num2;  /* Performs multiplication and stores it */

      printf("Product: %f",product);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter two numbers: 2.4

      1.1

      Product: 2.640000

      5、C語言查找字符的ASCII值

      /* Source code to find ASCII value of a character entered by user */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      char c;

      printf("Enter a character: ");

      scanf("%c",&c);        /* Takes a character from user */

      printf("ASCII value of %c = %d",c,c);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter a character: G

      ASCII value of G = 71

      6、C語言根據用戶輸入的整數做商和余數

      /* C Program to compute remainder and quotient  */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder;

      printf("Enter dividend: ");

      scanf("%d",&dividend);

      printf("Enter divisor: ");

      scanf("%d",&divisor);

      quotient=dividend/divisor;           /*  Computes quotient */

      remainder=dividend%divisor;          /* Computes remainder */

      printf("Quotient = %d ",quotient);

      printf("Remainder = %d",remainder);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter dividend: 25

      Enter divisor: 4

      Quotient = 6

      Remainder = 1

      7、C語言獲取整型、單精度浮點型、雙精度浮點型和字符型的長度

      基本語法:

      /* This program computes the size of variable using sizeof operator.*/

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int a;

      float b;

      double c;

      char d;

      printf("Size of int: %d bytes ",sizeof(a));

      printf("Size of float: %d bytes ",sizeof(b));

      printf("Size of double: %d bytes ",sizeof(c));

      printf("Size of char: %d byte ",sizeof(d));

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Size of int: 4 bytes

      Size of float: 4 bytes

      Size of double: 8 bytes

      Size of char: 1 byte

      8、C語言獲取關鍵字long的長度范圍

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int a;

      long int b;                /* int is optional. */

      long long int c;            /* int is optional. */

      printf("Size of int = %d bytes ",sizeof(a));

      printf("Size of long int = %ld bytes ",sizeof(b));

      printf("Size of long long int = %ld bytes",sizeof(c));

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Size of int = 4 bytes

      Size of long int = 4 bytes

      Size of long long int = 8 bytes

      9、C語言交換數值

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      float a, b, temp;

      printf("Enter value of a: ");

      scanf("%f",&a);

      printf("Enter value of b: ");

      scanf("%f",&b);

      temp = a;    /* Value of a is stored in variable temp */

      a = b;       /* Value of b is stored in variable a */

      b = temp;    /* Value of temp(which contains initial value of a) is stored in variable b*/

      printf(" After swapping, value of a = %.2f ", a);

      printf("After swapping, value of b = %.2f", b);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出:

      Enter value of a: 1.20

      Enter value of b: 2.45

      After swapping, value of a = 2.45

      After swapping, value of b = 1.2

      10、C語言檢查數值是奇數還是偶數

      /*C program to check whether a number entered by user is even or odd. */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int num;

      printf("Enter an integer you want to check: ");

      scanf("%d",&num);

      if((num%2)==0)      /* Checking whether remainder is 0 or not. */

      printf("%d is even.",num);

      else

      printf("%d is odd.",num);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出1:

      Enter an integer you want to check: 25

      25 is odd.

      輸出2:

      Enter an integer you want to check: 12

      12 is even.

      也可以用條件運算符解決:

      /* C program to check whether an integer is odd or even using conditional operator */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int num;

      printf("Enter an integer you want to check: ");

      scanf("%d",&num);

      ((num%2)==0) ? printf("%d is even.",num) : printf("%d is odd.",num);

      return 0;

      }

      11、C語言檢查是元音還是輔音

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      char c;

      printf("Enter an alphabet: ");

      scanf("%c",&c);

      if(c=='a'||c=='A'||c=='e'||c=='E'||c=='i'||c=='I'||c=='o'||c=='O'||c=='u'||c=='U')

      printf("%c is a vowel.",c);

      else

      printf("%c is a consonant.",c);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出1:

      Enter an alphabet: i

      i is a vowel.

      輸出2:

      Enter an alphabet: G

      G is a consonant.

      也可以用條件運算符解決

      /* C program to check whether a character is vowel or consonant using conditional operator */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      char c;

      printf("Enter an alphabet: ");

      scanf("%c",&c);

      (c=='a'||c=='A'||c=='e'||c=='E'||c=='i'||c=='I'||c=='o'||c=='O'||c=='u'||c=='U') ? printf("%c is a vowel.",c) : printf("%c is a consonant.",c);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出結果和上面的程序相同。

      12、C語言實現從三個數值中查找最大值

      實現1:

      /* C program to find largest number using if statement only */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      float a, b, c;

      printf("Enter three numbers: ");

      scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);

      if(a>=b && a>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", a);

      if(b>=a && b>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", b);

      if(c>=a && c>=b)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", c);

      return 0;

      }

      實現2:

      /* C program to find largest number using if...else statement */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      float a, b, c;

      printf("Enter three numbers: ");

      scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);

      if (a>=b)

      {

      if(a>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f",a);

      else

      printf("Largest number = %.2f",c);

      }

      else

      {

      if(b>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f",b);

      else

      printf("Largest number = %.2f",c);

      }

      return 0;

      }

      實現3:

      /* C Program to find largest number using nested if...else statement */

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      float a, b, c;

      printf("Enter three numbers: ");

      scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);

      if(a>=b && a>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", a);

      else if(b>=a && b>=c)

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", b);

      else

      printf("Largest number = %.2f", c);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出結果相同:

      Enter three numbers: 12.2

      13.452

      10.193

      Largest number = 13.45

      13、C語言解一元二次方程

      /* Program to find roots of a quadratic equation when coefficients are entered by user. */

      /* Library function sqrt() computes the square root. */

      #include <stdio.h>

      #include <math.h> /* This is needed to use sqrt() function.*/

      int main()

      {

      float a, b, c, determinant, r1,r2, real, imag;

      printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");

      scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);

      determinant=b*b-4*a*c;

      if (determinant>0)

      {

      r1= (-b+sqrt(determinant))/(2*a);

      r2= (-b-sqrt(determinant))/(2*a);

      printf("Roots are: %.2f and %.2f",r1 , r2);

      }

      else if (determinant==0)

      {

      r1 = r2 = -b/(2*a);

      printf("Roots are: %.2f and %.2f", r1, r2);

      }

      else

      {

      real= -b/(2*a);

      imag = sqrt(-determinant)/(2*a);

      printf("Roots are: %.2f+%.2fi and %.2f-%.2fi", real, imag, real, imag);

      }

      return 0;

      輸出1:

      Enter coefficients a, b and c: 2.3

      4

      5.6

      Roots are: -0.87+1.30i and -0.87-1.30i

      輸出2:

      Enter coefficients a, b and c: 4

      1

      0

      Roots are: 0.00 and -0.25

      14、C語言檢查是否是閏年

      /* C program to check whether a year is leap year or not using if else statement.*/

      #include <stdio.h>

      int main(){

      int year;

      printf("Enter a year: ");

      scanf("%d",&year);

      if(year%4 == 0)

      {

      if( year%100 == 0) /* Checking for a century year */

      {

      if ( year%400 == 0)

      printf("%d is a leap year.", year);

      else

      printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);

      }

      else

      printf("%d is a leap year.", year );

      }

      else

      printf("%d is not a leap year.", year);

      return 0;

      }

      輸出1:

      Enter year: 2000

      2000 is a leap year.

      輸出2:

      Enter year: 1900

      1900 is not a leap year.

      輸出3:

      Enter year: 2012

      2012 is a leap year.


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