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大學英語從句句型總結
導語：大學英語的語法比高中的時候學得更深入了，下面編為大家總結了有關大學英語的從句句型，歡迎參考!
大學英語從句句型總結 1
一、定語從句
在復合句中， 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的有關系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關系副詞where, when, why等，關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成份。
1.由who引導的定語從句中，who用作主語， 如：This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導的定語從句中，whom用作賓語，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導的定語從句中，whose用作定語 ，如 ：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導的定語從句中，which用作主語或謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語，如：
5.由that引導的定語從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?
6.由when, where, why引導的定語從句，如:
I dont know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意：先行詞是表示地點時，如果從句的謂語動詞是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的，就用where引導。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1)限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，這些關系代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句，不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號把主句和從句分開， 關系代詞用 which,不用that;指人時可用who,如 ：I have two brothers, who are both students.
二、狀語從句
由從句擔任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語(或其它動詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子，它可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是一較大的語法項目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個重要試點。高考中已考查了時間、讓步、地點、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點，應作充分準備。同時對方式狀語從句也應引起重視。
1、時間狀語從句
表示時間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導。
When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
2、原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that(既然)等，for 表示因果關系時(它引導的不是從句)為并列連詞，語氣不如because強。
He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
3、地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。
Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
4、目的狀語從句
引導目的狀語從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that(從句謂語常有情態動詞), in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。
Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
5、結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句是表示事態結果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結果。由so that (從句謂語一般沒有情態動詞), so that, such that等引導。
She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
6、條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句分真實性(有可能實現的事情)與非真實性(條件與事實相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實現的事情)條件句。引導條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。
If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(據我所知), he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
7、讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導。注意：as引導的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.
8、方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導。
You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
9、比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引導。
I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
三、名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that(無任何詞意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)。
以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever
連接副詞：when, where, how, why
具體分類
1.主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的.疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
2.賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
(1) 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。
3.表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
4. 同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
大學英語從句句型總結 2
定語從句
一、概念
定語從句的概念，在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.
2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.
上面兩句中的the man和the house是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。
二、關系詞(連接詞)
1.關系代詞引導的定語從句
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞：that, which, who (賓格whom, 所有格whose) 和關系副詞where, when, why。關系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時還做定語從句的一個成分。
2.關于that, which的用法注意點
1)只能用that，不用which作為定語從句關系代詞的情況
a)不定代詞，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞
There is nothing that I can do.
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last修飾
This is the very book that I want to find.
The last place that I visited was the hospital.
c)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時
This is the first composition that he has written in English.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
2)不用that, 只用which的情況
a)引導非限定性定語從句時which
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b)介詞后用which
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
3.關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1)先行詞是表示地點名詞時(country, school, room…)，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當地點狀語，一般用where引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的'是which前的介詞選擇是根據先行詞與介詞的搭配關系而定。
Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born.
He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.
2)先行詞是表示時間名詞時(year, month, day, night…)，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語
從句中充當時間狀語，一般用when引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的是when前的介詞選擇是根據先行詞與介詞的搭配關系而定。
His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.
I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.
3)先行詞是the reason，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當原因狀語，一般用why引導定語從句。也可以用for + which的結構。
Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?
但是這里要指出的是，如果介詞和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三種意思，則我們只能保留介詞+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.
4.判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要
求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。
大學英語從句句型總結 3
I 定語從句
1.先行詞為all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代詞時，關系代詞一般只用that，不用which。在大多數情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定語從句
在such … as的結構中as可作關系代詞，引出限制性定語從句。有時和same連用，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.
I have the same trouble as you (have)。
3.as引出的非限制性定語從句
as可作關系代詞引出非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句，通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”，“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work， as you know.
She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.
As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定語從句
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時會被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開，從而構成分隔式定語從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.
5.介詞+關系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語從句
如果關系代詞(which/whom等)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，那么這個介詞可以提到從句前，構成“介詞+關系代詞(which/whom等)+定語從句”。在這種結構中關系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.
6.關系代詞在限制性定語從句中常可以省略，一般有以下幾種情況：
1) 關系代詞在從句中作直接賓語時，在大多數情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
The man (whom) you just met is our manager.
關系代詞作介詞賓語時，介詞位于句尾時關系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關系代詞之前時則關系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)
2) 關系代詞作主語時一般不能省略，但如果關系代詞在由there … be存在句構成的定語從句中作主語時常可省略。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.
3) 在way后面的定語從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
7.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞或整個主句，起補充說明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語從句要用逗號與主句隔開，其引導詞不能用that。非限制性定語從句屬于正式語體。經常考到的非限制性定語從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導的非限制性定語從句。which、as代表整個主句。
He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.
China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.
2)由 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句。
He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.
4) 由 “數詞、代詞或名詞+of +關系代詞”引導的'非限制性定語從句。
He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.
There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.
They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.
Ⅱ 狀語從句
狀語從句中以下四種從句考得較多，這里給予簡單介紹。
1) 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.
You have changed a lot since we met last time.
時間狀語從句還可由某些可充當連詞的名詞(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副詞(instantly， directly等)引導：
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Note：
①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，還可用來強調主句所表達的時間、距離很長或花費的力量相比較大，可譯為“…才”。(“not … before” 可用來強調主句所表達的時間、距離很短或花費的力量相比較小，可譯為“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
They had not been married a month before they quarreled.
②如果位于when引導的分句之前的主句使用過去進行時、過去完成時或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等結構時，when表示突然發生某事，可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時，不能夠用as或while來代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
We were about to leave when it began to rain.
2) 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。
So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.
I will go provided that you go with me.
Please give this letter to John in case he comes.
3) 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語從句。
(1)while引導的讓步狀語從句多放在句首，while相當于although，表示“盡管”，“雖然”。
While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.
While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.
(2)短語“even now/then/so”相當于“though it is/was true”，表示“盡管如此”，“盡管這樣”。
The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.
I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.
(3) as引導的讓步狀語從句要倒裝。
Child as he was， he could speak four languages.
Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.
4) 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比較級…， the +比較級…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。
Ⅲ 賓語從句
1) 及物動詞后的賓語從句
有些動詞的賓語從句前還可有一個間接賓語。
I remember that we have learned this word before.
I don’t understand what you have said.
She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.
2) 介詞的賓語從句
It depends on whether you want to do it or not
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
Note： 在介詞in后面跟that引導的賓語從句中，in that可看成是一個固定的搭配，表示“因為”或“在…方面”。
The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.
A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.
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