語境對詞義的制約作用
畢業
On the Constraints of the Context on Word Meaning
Abstract
This study, aiming at giving an adequate explanation of the constraints of context on word meaning with the theory of context and word meaning, places context and word meaning together, researches in details on the restrictive function of linguistic context, situational context and cultural context on word meaning and points out the importance of context to listeners or readers understanding of word meaning. After a careful investigation, this paper yields the following findings: Context makes word meaning specific. In the process of message transforming, factors of context influence the understanding of word meaning. Meaning relies heavily on context. Without specific context, information can not be exactly transmitted. Therefore, a speaker/writer chooses language forms relevant to the context to convey ideas; a listener/reader may comprehend language forms with the help of the context. Learners must strengthen the sense of context, and fully use linguistic context, situational context and cultural context so as to understand word meaning correctly.
Key words: context; word meaning; restrictive function
摘要
本運用語境與詞義的相關理論，將語境與詞義相結合，具體分析了語言語境，情景語境以及文化語境這3個方面對詞義的制約性，說明語境對聽者和讀者理解詞義的重要性。通過研究，得出以下結論：語境使詞匯的意義單1化和具體化。在交際信息傳遞的過程中，語境因素影響詞義的理解。意義離不開語境，1旦它離開特定的語境，信息就無法準確的傳達。因此，說話人應要選擇適合語境的語言表達形式；聽話人則應借助語境彌補對話中省略的推理過程，或在有歧義的情況下選擇詞義。在學習過程中要加強語境意識，充分利用語言語境，情景語境和文化語境，準確地把握詞義。
關鍵詞： 語境; 詞義; 制約作用
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